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h2{font-size:30px;margin-bottom:30px}.course-card>span:last-child{margin-top:auto;font-size:13px}.resource-note{margin:60px 0 25px;border-left:3px solid var(--color-primary);padding:18px 30px;background:var(--color-surface-leaf)}.resource-note h2,.resource-note h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:15px}.resource-note p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.resource-note a{font-size:14px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}.contact-panel{font-size:clamp(22px,4vw,45px);letter-spacing:-.04em;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:35px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:25px}.document-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:60px;padding-bottom:100px;align-items:start}.document-layout aside{position:sticky;top:25px;font-size:12px}.toc{display:grid;gap:12px;margin-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}.toc 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var(--color-primary);color:var(--color-muted);font-size:13px!important}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:30px 0}.schedule{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;min-width:520px}.schedule th,.schedule td{padding:14px 12px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}.schedule thead{background:var(--color-surface-leaf);font-size:11px}.schedule th:first-child{min-width:115px}.schedule td:nth-child(2){min-width:100px;color:var(--muted)}[hidden]{display:none!important}
@media(min-width:1600px){.hero{max-width:1392px;margin:auto}.site-header{padding:0 48px}}@media(max-width:1000px){.site-header{padding:0 28px;gap:15px}.site-header nav{gap:18px;font-size:12px}.hero{padding:50px 35px 0;min-height:610px}.hero-art{margin:0 -80px 0 -35px}.hero h1{font-size:52px}.wrap{padding-left:30px;padding-right:30px}.people-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.vision-inner{gap:0 35px}.spotlight h3{font-size:30px}.document-layout{grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}.project-row{grid-template-columns:160px 1fr;gap:25px}footer{padding:45px 30px}}
@media(max-width:700px){.site-header{height:auto;min-height:96px;align-items:start;padding:20px 22px;gap:20px}.brand{font-size:31px}.site-header nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 18px;justify-content:end;padding-top:4px;font-size:11px}.contact-nav{padding:0;border:0}.hero{margin:0 12px;padding:36px 24px 0;grid-template-columns:1fr;min-height:0}.hero-copy{padding:0}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:9px;max-width:270px}.hero h1{font-size:44px}.hero-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:14px}.hero-art{margin:0 auto;width:90%;max-width:360px}.hero-art>span{font-size:7px}.hero-bottom{font-size:10px;padding:18px 0;margin-top:30px}.hero-bottom>span{max-width:170px}.section{padding-top:65px;padding-bottom:60px}.section-title{display:block;margin-bottom:30px}.section-title>a{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px}.wrap{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px}.cards{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px}.card img{aspect-ratio:1.65}.vision-inner{display:block}.vision-inner>h2{font-size:35px;margin-bottom:35px}.vision-band{padding:55px 0}.spotlight{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.spotlight h3{font-size:32px}.news-section{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.news-item h3{font-size:23px}.page-heading{padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:45px}.page-heading h1{font-size:40px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.lede{font-size:16px}.people-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.person>a{width:85px}.person .portrait,.initials{width:85px;height:105px}.person h3{font-size:21px}.person p{font-size:13px}.project-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.project-row h2{font-size:23px}.project-row>div:first-child{display:flex;gap:15px;align-items:center}.project-row .muted{margin:0}.project-row>div:last-child>.muted{margin-top:15px}.filterbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr}.course-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.course-card{min-height:185px}.document-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.document-layout aside{position:static}.toc{display:none}.metadata{grid-template-columns:1fr}.prose h2{font-size:26px}.scholar-panel{padding:30px 25px}.scholar-panel h2{font-size:28px}.resource-note{padding:20px}.contact-panel{font-size:24px}footer{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding:40px 24px}footer>a:last-of-type{text-align:left}footer small{margin-top:15px}.button{font-size:13px}.contact-panel{overflow-wrap:anywhere}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}

.menu-toggle{display:none}@media(max-width:700px){.site-header{align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;min-height:85px}.menu-toggle{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:25px;padding:9px 18px;color:var(--ink);font-size:13px}.site-header nav{width:100%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3px;font-size:14px;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:12px}.site-header nav a{padding:10px 8px;min-height:44px}.js .site-header #site-nav:not(.open){display:none}}

.source-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;margin:24px 0}.source-column{background:var(--color-surface-slate);padding:24px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px}.source-column p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.source-column p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8}.source-columns:has(>.source-column:only-child){grid-template-columns:1fr}@media(max-width:700px){.source-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr}.source-column{padding:20px}}
/* Project-led research catalog */
.cluster-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.cluster-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;padding:30px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;background:var(--color-surface-leaf);min-height:310px;transition:transform .18s,border-color .18s}.cluster-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:var(--color-primary);color:var(--ink)}.cluster-card .eyebrow{margin:24px 0 12px;font-size:10px}.cluster-card h3{font-size:26px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:15px;letter-spacing:-.04em}.cluster-card p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.cluster-number{font:500 40px/1 Manrope,sans-serif;color:var(--color-primary)}.cluster-count{margin-top:auto;padding-top:22px;font-size:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.cluster-vision{background:var(--color-surface-slate)}.cluster-human{background:var(--color-surface-warm)}.filterbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1.4fr 1fr;gap:18px}.filterbar input,.filterbar select{width:100%;min-width:0}.project-row .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px;color:var(--color-primary)}.project-summary{font-size:17px;margin-top:16px}.project-row .korean{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.spotlight-concept{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:330px;background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%,var(--color-slate),var(--color-ink));color:var(--paper);padding:30px;border-radius:6px;text-align:center}.spotlight-concept>span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.18em}.spotlight-concept strong{font:500 80px/1.5 Manrope,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.07em;color:var(--color-leaf)}.spotlight-concept small{font-size:11px;color:var(--color-leaf)}.project-phases{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:20px;margin:36px 0}.project-phases summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.project-phases table{font-size:13px}.prose table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:24px 0}.prose th,.prose td{padding:13px 15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.prose th{background:var(--color-surface-slate);font-weight:600}.prose td:first-child{font-weight:500}.prose>p:has(>em:only-child){font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding-top:15px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.related-projects{margin-top:45px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:30px}.related-projects a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.project-row>div:first-child{min-width:0}.project-row h2{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:900px){.cluster-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cluster-card{min-height:0}.cluster-number{font-size:30px}.cluster-card .eyebrow{margin-top:15px}.filterbar{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.filterbar label:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}}
@media(max-width:700px){.filterbar{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cluster-card{padding:25px}.spotlight-concept{min-height:260px}.spotlight-concept strong{font-size:65px}.prose table{font-size:13px}.prose th,.prose td{padding:10px 8px}.project-phases{padding:15px}.project-row>div:first-child{flex-wrap:wrap}.project-summary{font-size:15px}}
.result-highlights{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin:28px 0 42px}.result-highlights>div{padding:24px;background:var(--color-surface-leaf);border-top:3px solid var(--color-primary);border-radius:0 0 5px 5px}.result-highlights strong{display:block;font:600 clamp(25px,3.1vw,40px)/1.2 Manrope,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.04em}.result-highlights span{display:block;font-size:12px;margin-top:12px;color:var(--muted)}@media(max-width:500px){.result-highlights{grid-template-columns:1fr}.result-highlights>div{padding:20px}}

/* Publication catalog */
.publication-heading{padding-top:68px;padding-bottom:30px}
.publication-heading h1{font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5vw,3.6rem);letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:0 0 12px}
.publication-catalog{padding-bottom:80px}
.publication-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;padding:26px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.publication-row[hidden]{display:none}
.publication-year{font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.publication-year span{display:block;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:400;margin-top:8px;color:var(--muted)}
.publication-row h2{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:0 0 9px}
.publication-row h2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.publication-authors{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 5px;color:var(--muted)}
.publication-venue{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0}
.publication-source{font-size:.75rem;color:var(--muted);padding-top:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
@media(max-width:600px){.publication-heading{padding-top:36px}.publication-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:22px 0}.publication-year{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;font-size:.95rem}.publication-year span{margin:0}.publication-row h2{font-size:1.02rem}}
/* Bilingual navigation and compact institutional pages */
.site-header{gap:24px}.language-switch{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:.85rem}.language-switch a[aria-current]{font-weight:750;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}.site-header #site-nav{margin-left:auto}.cluster-card h2{font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:20px 0 14px}.member-history{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:14px 0;font-size:.83rem}.member-history li{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:8px 0}.member-history time{color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.member-affiliation{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:12px;font-size:.85rem}.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.contact-card{padding:28px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}.contact-card h2{font-size:1.25rem}.contact-card p{font-size:.95rem}.contact-fallback{margin-top:40px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}.document-layout aside img.portrait{max-width:180px;margin-top:24px}.project-phases{margin-top:28px}.project-phases h2{font-size:1.1rem}.page-heading{padding-top:48px}
@media(max-width:900px){.site-header{gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}.site-header .brand{margin-right:auto}.site-header .language-switch{order:2}.site-header .menu-toggle{order:3}.site-header #site-nav{order:4;margin-left:0}.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.language-switch{font-size:.8rem}}

.site-header nav.language-switch{display:flex;width:auto;border:0;padding:0;gap:9px;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:center}.site-header .language-switch a{padding:6px 2px;min-height:0}
@media(max-width:700px){.site-header{gap:12px}.site-header .language-switch{font-size:12px}.site-header .menu-toggle{padding:8px 12px}}



/* Keep primary destinations visible without a menu detour on small screens. */
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.site-header .language-switch a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}
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.document-layout aside .portrait-crop{display:block;position:relative;width:180px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;border-radius:3px;margin-top:24px}
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/* Keep member photos and history aligned independently of portrait format. */
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/* A shared baseline for the footer identity and its small utility link. */
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.contact-guide{padding-bottom:72px}
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.site-header nav [aria-current]{color:var(--color-primary)}

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.site-header .language-switch a{min-width:24px;justify-content:center}
@media(max-width:700px){.site-header nav#site-nav,.js .site-header nav#site-nav:not(.open){font-size:13px}.site-header #site-nav a{min-width:24px}}
@media(max-width:350px){.site-header nav#site-nav,.js .site-header nav#site-nav:not(.open){font-size:12px}.site-header #site-nav a{padding-inline:1px}}

html:not(.js) .filterbar{display:none}

/*
NiiL Easter Egg

[ko]
이 주석까지 읽었다면 당신도 동료 공돌이입니다.
이기백 교수님을 향한 respect += 1;
단, 과학적 반박과 버그 제보는 언제나 환영합니다.
자료가 유용했다면 원 저자에 대한 shout out을 매우 적극적으로 충분히 널리 해 주세요

[en]
If you have read this far into the comments, you are a fellow engineering geek.
respect for Professor Ki-Baek Lee += 1;
Scientific challenges and bug reports are always welcome.
If you found these materials useful, please give the original author enthusiastic shout-outs, generously and far and wide.

[zh]
能读到这条注释，看来你也是一位理工同好。
对 Ki-Baek Lee 教授的 respect += 1;
当然，始终欢迎科学质疑和错误反馈。
如果这些资料对你有帮助，请非常积极地为原作者点赞、宣传，让更多人知道原作者的贡献。

[ja]
このコメントまで読んだあなたも、理工系オタクの仲間です。
Ki-Baek Lee 教授への respect += 1;
もちろん、科学的な反論やバグ報告はいつでも歓迎です。
この資料が役に立ったら、元の著者への感謝と称賛の shout out を、ぜひ積極的に、惜しみなく、広く届けてください。

[es]
Si has llegado hasta este comentario, eres de los nuestros: un apasionado de la ingeniería.
respect por el profesor Ki-Baek Lee += 1;
Las objeciones científicas y los informes de errores siempre son bienvenidos.
Si estos materiales te han resultado útiles, reconoce y recomienda con mucho entusiasmo al autor original, generosamente y tan ampliamente como puedas.

[th]
ถ้าคุณอ่านมาถึงคอมเมนต์นี้ คุณก็คือเพื่อนสายวิศวะของเราแล้ว
respect ที่มีต่ออาจารย์ Ki-Baek Lee += 1;
ยินดีรับข้อโต้แย้งทางวิทยาศาสตร์และรายงานบั๊กเสมอ
ถ้าเนื้อหานี้มีประโยชน์กับคุณ ช่วยกล่าวชื่นชมและบอกต่อถึงผู้เขียนต้นฉบับอย่างกระตือรือร้น ให้เต็มที่และแพร่หลายด้วยนะ

[vi]
Nếu đã đọc đến dòng chú thích này, bạn cũng là một người anh em mê kỹ thuật.
respect dành cho Giáo sư Ki-Baek Lee += 1;
Luôn hoan nghênh các phản biện khoa học và báo cáo lỗi.
Nếu thấy tài liệu hữu ích, hãy thật nhiệt tình dành lời ghi nhận và giới thiệu tác giả gốc, một cách hào phóng và rộng rãi nhé.

[ar]
إذا وصلت في القراءة إلى هذا التعليق، فأنت أيضًا من رفاقنا الشغوفين بالهندسة.
respect للأستاذ Ki-Baek Lee += 1;
نرحب دائمًا بالنقد العلمي وبلاغات الأخطاء.
إذا وجدت هذه المواد مفيدة، فأغدق على المؤلف الأصلي عبارات التقدير والإشادة بحماس كبير، وعرّف به على أوسع نطاق.
*/