Programming language

Laplace Transform

English translation

Directly verify that the solution obtained by transforming a time-domain differential equation satisfies the original problem.

MATLAB: Symbolic Math Toolbox required.

If ver('symbolic') returns an empty result, install Symbolic Math Toolbox from MATLAB Add-Ons.

Before practice

01 How should values that make the denominator 0 be handled before cancellation?

Description

Even after cancellation simplifies an expression, values that make the original denominator 0 cannot be substituted. First identify the excluded values in the original expression.

02 Where does the initial condition enter the Laplace domain?

Description

Since the transform of y′ is sY(s)−y(0), the initial value remains as a separate term.

Practice

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1. Checking that simplification preserves values

Starting conditions

D=x2−2x+1x2−3x+2D=\frac{x^2-2x+1}{x^2-3x+2}: simplify by cancellation. For value comparisons, use x∈{0,3}x\in\{0,3\}.

Procedure

  1. Simplify D by cancellation, and separately identify the x values that make the original denominator 0.
  2. At x∈{0,3}x\in\{0,3\}, check that the values before and after cancellation agree. Explain why x∈{1,2}x\in\{1,2\} cannot be checked in the same way.

Results to retain

Items to record and points to check
Original expression before cancellation
Expression after cancellation
Excluded x values
Value difference at the two points

Points to check

  • Did you identify both values that make the original denominator 0?
  • Did you avoid substituting x=1x=1 into the original expression based only on its simplified form?

2. Laplace transform and inverse transform

Starting conditions

Transform f(t)=e−2tf(t)=e^{-2t} for t>0, then take its inverse transform.

Procedure

  1. Use sym.laplace_transform and inverse_laplace_transformlaplace and ilaplace to obtain the transform and inverse transform.
  2. Compare the original and recovered function values at t∈{.5,1,2}t\in\{.5,1,2\}.
  3. Explain how the pole −2 of the transformed expression relates to the time-domain decay term e−2te^{-2t}.

Results to retain

Items to record and points to check
Function
F(s)
Inverse transform
Maximum numerical error

Points to check

  • Did you record the positive assumption for t and the initial condition?
  • At the same t>0, is the numerical error between the original function and its inverse transform at most 1e-8?

3. Differential equations with initial conditions

Starting conditions

ẏ+2y=1\dot y+2y=1; compare y(0)=0 with y(0)=1. The input is a unit step for t≥0.

Procedure

  1. Write the Laplace transform of the derivative term and substitute the initial condition to obtain (s+2)Y(s)=1s+y(0)(s+2)Y(s)=\frac1s+y(0).
  2. Divide both sides of this equation by s+2s+2 to obtain Y(s)Y(s). Substitute each initial condition, take the inverse transform, and plot both y(t)y(t) over 0≤t≤40\le t\le4 s together.
  3. For each y(t)y(t), calculate dydt+2y−1\frac{dy}{dt}+2y-1 and y(0)−y0y(0)-y_0. Record both residuals for each initial condition and determine whether they are 0.

Results to retain

Items to record and points to check
y(0)
Y(s)
Initial-value residual
ODE residual
Steady-state value

Points to check

  • Did the input and initial condition enter as separate terms?
  • Is the symbolic residual 0, and do both responses have the same steady-state value?